The alpha male determines where the troop eats and sleeps and when it moves, and he is the first to defend the troop from leopards and pythons. "The alpha male is usually in charge," Ihomi says. Although, it had been reported that Bonobos were a matriarchal species, more recent research on wild bonobos and accounts reported in the Smithsonian magazine indicate that Bonobo troops are led by a dominant alpha male who plays an active role in defending the troop from predators: The species is distinguished by relatively long legs, pink lips, dark face and tail-tuft through adulthood, and parted long hair on their head. In 1933, American anatomist Harold Coolidge offered a more detailed description of the Bonobo, and elevated it to species status. German anatomist Ernst Schwarz is credited with having discovered the Bonobo in 1928, based on his analysis of a skull in the Tervuren museum in Belgium that previously had been thought to have belonged to a juvenile chimpanzee. They live south of the river, and thereby were separated from the ancestors of the Common Chimpanzee, which live north of the river. Since the two species are not proficient swimmers, it is possible that the formation of the Congo River 1.5–2 million years ago led to the speciation of the Bonobo.
Along with the Common Chimpanzee, the Bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans. The Bonobo is endangered and is found in the wild only in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Although the name "chimpanzee" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood as referring to the Common Chimpanzee, while Pan paniscus is usually referred to as the Bonobo. The other species in genus Pan is Pan troglodytes, or the Common Chimpanzee. The Bonobo ( English pronunciation: /bə ˈno ʊ bo ʊ / / ˈb ɒ n ɵ bo ʊ / ), Pan paniscus, pre viously called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often, the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is a great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan.
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